Green Buildings BC

Energy

3.0 Ecological Performance Resources: Energy

Galloping Goodse trail Galloping Goodse trail

The Galloping Goose is a biking / walking / horse-riding trail that goes from Victoria through Southern Vancouver Island.

The principal objective currently facing humanity is to allow a continued growth in living standards world-wide within diminishing resources. Architects have an important part to play, as they influence up to 75% of total energy use (50% in buildings, 25% in transport). What is emerging is a range of new tools and techniques which are influencing the form and operation of the buildings themselves, alongside a more holistic view of the design process integrating the key issues of transport, energy, water, waste, and materials.

--David Orr, HOPES Conference, 1999

Americans continue to own more cars and drive more miles in them: the average American car driver travels almost 20,000 kilometers (about 12,4000 miles) a year, whereas the European one does only 14,000 kilometers. This does not have much to do with the size of the country: most trips are urban, with an average length of about 14 kilometers, the same as in Britain and somewhat less than in Germany. Part of the answer is that buses and trains in America account for barely 3 percent of travel mileage, whereas in Europe the figure is over 15 percent. The rest of the answer lies in the sprawling low-density structure of American suburbs, which involve greater distances between homes and shops, schools and other amenities.

--Economist, 1996
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3.1 Energy Use (E1)

Each year, as much as 40% of the raw materials and energy produced in the world are used in the building sector.

--ASMI, "The Environmental Challenge in the Building Sector" 1999

Discovering the DOE-2 model was invaluable. I can't imagine doing this kind of project without it ever again...With this technique, we can actually prove to our clients how much money they will be saving.

--Robert Fox, Principal, Fox & Fowle, Architect of Four Times Square, NYC, 1999
See Funding Assistance Resources for financial incentives for energy reductions.
Program Commercial Building Incentive Program (CBIP)
Natural Resources Canada--Office of Energy Efficiency (NRCan OEE)
Contact / Resource http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/commercial/financial-assistance/new-buildings/index.cfm
Jim Clark (613) 947-1948 or Terri Scott (613) 943-9227
Description The CBIP program offers financial incentives (up to $80,000) for the incorporation of energy efficiency features in new commercial / institutional building designs. The site has the following information:
  • Code and CBIP compliance software
  • Energy efficient information and case studies.
Web Resource EnerGuide
Natural Resources Canada
Contact / Resource http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/energuide/home.cfm
Description The EnerGuide labeling program helps Canadian to make informed energy decisions about:
  • Appliances
  • Heating and cooling equipment
  • Houses
  • Vehicles
  • Energy Modelling and Software Tools
Design Software Tool CBIP Screening Tool
Natural Resources Canada
Contact / Resource http://www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/commercial/technical-info/tools/software.cfm?attr=15
Description
  • The Screening Tool is intended to assist architects and engineers assess whether or not their building design is likely to qualify for an incentive under the Commercial Building Incentive Program (CBIP).
  • The designer enters information about the design and in response this tool will estimate the annual energy use and cost savings.
  • This software tool will compare the new design to a "reference" building that meets only the munimum conditions of the Model National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB).
  • If the new building design is at least 25% more energy efficient than the reference building, it will qualify for CBIP.
Design Software Tool EE4 CBIP
Natural Resources Canada
Contact / Resource http://www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/commercial/technical-info/tools/software.cfm?attr=15
Description
  • The EE4 CBIP software verifies CBIP compliance for the performance path of the Model National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB).
  • The software is used by designers to evaluate whether their design meets the 25% better than the Model National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB) requirement. If it does, it will qualify for a CBIP incentive (see "Financial and Supporting Resources").
Energy Modelling Software Tool DOE-2.1E
Simulation Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California
Contact / Resource Purchase information at: http://gundog.lbl.gov/
The LBNL specializes in developing building energy simulation software.
Description
  • DOE-2.1E is one of the most accurate programs available for modelling the energy performance of an entire building.
  • The user plugs in information regarding the building's climate, construction, operation, utility rate schedule and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment. DOE-2 will calculate the hourly energy use and cost of commercial or residential buildings.
  • Can analyze many building zones and various lighting and mechanical systems.
Energy Modelling Software Tool Energy-10
Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley Solar Group, (1997)
Contact / Resource http://www.sbicouncil.org/store/index.php#software
Designing Low-Energy Buildings with ENERGY-10, Passive Solar Industries Council, Washington, DC 1997
Description
  • Energy-10 is a tool for small commercial and residential buildings, developed by DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
  • Energy 10 assists architects and engineers estimate a building's energy use. It also identifies which energy strategies are the most effective.
  • It represents the cutting edge of a new generation of easy-to-use programs.
Web Resource Centre for the Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy Technologies
Contact / Resource http://www.caddet.org/
Description
  • CADDET Energy Efficiency collects, analyses and enhances the international exchange of information on new, cost-effective, energy-saving technologies.
  • These technologies have been demonstrated in industry, buildings, transport, utilities and agriculture.
Program Seattle Lighting Design Lab
Contact / Resource http://www.cityofseattle.net/light/conserve/cv4_ldl.htm
Description The Lighting Design Lab provides assistance to residential and to commercial lighting designers seeking the most efficient lighting technologies and strategies. The Lighting Design Lab includes:
  • A 1,200 square foot mock-up facility
  • Daylighting Lab
  • Product demonstrations, information and displays
  • Lighting consultations
  • Newsletter
  • Classes
Book The Energy Design Handbook
Donald Watson, Editor, (1993)
Contact / Resource The American Institute of Architects Press, Washington, DC.
Description An excellent, practical resource for architects and engineers on all aspects of energy-efficient design.
Book Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design
Givoni, Baruch, (1997)
Contact / Resource John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, New York.
Description Like Baruch's earlier book, Passive and Low Energy Cooling of Buildings, the writing here is simple and clear. An excellent overall resource on bio-climatic building design.
Publication Lighting Handbook, 8th Edition
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). (1993)
Contact / Resource 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005-4001, ISBN: 0-87995-102-8.
Description This is an excellent resource for designers on high efficiency lighting.
Book The Technology of Ecological Building: Basic Principles and Measures, Examples and Ideas.
Daniels, Klause, (1997); Trans. Elizabeth Schwager
Contact / Resource Birkhauser, Boston.
Description
  • Useful introduction to the technology and engineering of ecological buildings, offering detailed analysis of numerous European case study buildings, and emerging technologies.
  • Has the equations that engineers need, as well as many graphics that make the book approachable by the innumerate.
Book Climatic Building Design: Energy Efficient Building Principles and Practices
Watson, Donald and Kenneth Labs (1983)
Contact / Resource McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Description Excellent introductory text illustrating ways to evaluate local climate and offering a wide range of building design strategies to take advantage of site environmental and climate conditions with passive solar heating and natural ventilation & cooling.
Book Sun, Wind and Light: Architectural Design Strategies
Brown, G.Z., (1985)
Contact / Resource John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Description Good introduction to form-generating potential of sun, wind and light especially useful in the schematic and conceptual stages of building design, with emphasis on minimizing energy use. Covers:
  • design strategies,
  • analysis techniques and
  • strategies for implementing passive solar heating and natural ventilation & cooling.
Book Chapter 1, Daylighting Performance and Design
Ander, G., (1995)
Contact / Resource Wiley, New York, NY.
Description
  • Excellent, well-illustrated quick reference.
  • While data and tables are most applicable to more southern latitudes, concepts and design strategies are applicable in northern climates.
Book Daylighting in Architecture, A European Reference Book
Baker, N., Fanchiotti, A., and Steemers, K. (eds) (1993)
Contact / Resource Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General XII for Science Research and Development, James & James Ltd., UK.
Description Exhaustive and well-illustrated guide to:
  • Daylighting design concepts,
  • Strategies and technologies,
  • Many case studies.
Book Sunlighting as Formgiver for Architecture
Lam, William, M.C., (1986)
Contact / Resource Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Description Comprehensive coverage of:
  • Strategies and techniques of natural lighting of buildings for energy savings and enhanced indoor lighting quality.
  • Excellent photos and illustrations.
  • Numerous case studies.
Book Natural Ventilation in Buildings - A Design Handbook
Allard, Francis (Ed.) (1998)
Contact / Resource James and James Ltd. London, UK.
Description Exhaustive coverage of:
  • The theory and practice of natural ventilation & cooling of buildings.
  • Providing fundamentals, analysis and diagnostic techniques, as well as design guidelines, technical solutions and case studies.
Book CIBSE Design and Applications Manual: Natural Ventilation in Non-Domestic Buildings
CIBSE Project Task Group, (1997)
Contact / Resource Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineer (CIBSE), London, UK.
Description Exhaustive coverage of:
  • Invaluable applications manual for design professionals on the fundamentals of natural ventilation and cooling.
  • Overview of strategies, rules-of-thumb (for the UK climate, and largely applicable in the South Coast of BC).
  • Detailed calculation methods.
  • A wide range of European case study buildings.
Book Passive and Low Energy Cooling of Buildings
Givoni, Baruch, (1994)
Contact / Resource Van Nostrand Reinhold, US.
Description Exhaustive coverage of:
  • Simple, brief coverage of passive and low-energy cooling strategies for buildings in hot-summer climates.
  • Both technical principles and empirical equations, with practical guidance, especially good on window, inlet and outlet sizing and placement.
Web Resource Energy Crossroads Centre
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Building Science Energy and Environment Division
Contact / Resource http://eetd.lbl.gov/
Description
  • This site is a terrific place to go to see a constantly updated guide to energy efficient resources.
  • It has over 400 links to relevant web sites.
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3.2 Energy Source (E2)

I can't talk to groups about renewable energy without feeling this overwhelming enthusiasm. It is because it's a gift, and an extraordinary opportunity, not just economic but for the environment, for ecosystems, for people, for cultures, for societies, and of course, a gift by us back to the entire earth. It's something that raises the spirit.

--Donald Aitken, Turning Down the Heat, National Film Board and David Suzuki Foundation, 1999
Web Resource The Canadian Renewable Energy Network
Contact / Resource http://www.canren.gc.ca/
Description This site has the following:
  • Energy Solutions: Find out which renewable energies meet your needs.
  • Technologies & Applications: Learn about bio-energy, earth energy, hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy.
  • Renewable Energy in Action: Read about successful applications of renewable energy.
  • Resource Assessment: Access Canadian energy data in maps, manuals and other documents.
  • Programs: Read about Canadian renewable energy programs.
  • Products & Services: Download products that assess and calculate your renewable energy needs.
  • CanREN for Schools: Visit interesting educational Internet sites about renewable energy.
Energy Modelling Software Tool RetScreen
National Resources Canada, Renewable and Electrical Energy Division
Contact / Resource http://www.retscreen.net
Description RetScreen is a "Project Assessment Tool" that that is free to download and evaluates:
  • wind
  • small hydro
  • combined heat & power
  • solar air heating
  • solar water heating
  • passive solar heating
  • ground-source heat pumps
  • bioenergy heating
  • photovoltaics applications
  • refrigeration
The software and manual help the user to:
  • create a preliminary system design
  • calculate the annual energy production, project costs and financial return
  • quickly and inexpensively evaluate renewable energy opportunities using reliable technology
Training and support are available.
Web Resource Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems in Canada
Independent Power Producers' Society of Ontario, Solar Energy Society of Canada
Contact / Resource http://www.newenergy.org/
Description This website has can help you find information resources (books, magazines, papers and websites); organizations, training programs, commercial and business contacts, current conferences and meetings, news and other resources on the following technologies and design strategies:
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Small Hydro
  • Co-generation
  • Biomass
  • Energy Services
  • District Heating and Cooling
Book Photovoltaics in the Built Environment: A Design Guide for Architects and Engineers
DOE/GO publication #10097-436, September 1997.
Contact / Resource National Renewable Energy Laboratory, (1997).
Description This is a practical guide to photovoltaics written to be understood by architects and engineers.
Book Solar Electric Buildings: An Overview of Today's Applications
DOE/GO Publication #10097-357, February 1997.
Contact / Resource National Renewable Energy Laboratory, (1997)
Description This is an excellent overview of various applications of solar electricity in buildings.
Book The Passive Solar Energy Book - Expanded Professional Edition
Mazria, Edward, (1979)
Contact / Resource Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pa.
Description Excellent, well-illustrated primer on passive solar design. Offers step-by-step process for designing passive solar buildings, following the structure of "A Pattern Language".
Book Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes
Duffie, J.A., and W.A. Beckman, (1980)
Contact / Resource John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Description
  • This is the engineer's bible on passive and active solar energy systems and buildings--the classic, fundamental text.
  • Many equations, worked example calculations, data and design techniques to evaluate solar resources, and design of solar water, air and photovoltaic applications.
Web Resource Sustainable Building Resources
The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) (formerly the Passive Solar Industries Council, or PSIC)
Contact / Resource http://www.sbicouncil.org/
Description
  • This is a nonprofit group whose mission is to "advance the design, affordability, energy performance, and environmental soundness of residential, institutional and commercial buildings." As such it provides the following resources:
  • practical guidelines, sourcebooks, and how-to guides to building with renewable energy, using energy efficiently, and sustainable building practices
  • case studies
  • workshops and education
  • links and newsletters
Web Resources Solstice: Renewable and Alternative Energy Website
The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) (formerly the Passive Solar Industries Council, or PSIC)
Contact / Resource http://solstice.crest.org/
Description Solstice provides internet resource information concerning:
  • renewable energy,
  • efficiency,
  • and sustainable development.
Solstice and CREST currently deliver nearly 1 million pages of information in these areas. The Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST) produces educational multimedia CD-ROMs and operates Solstice, an internet service for the sustainable energy community.
There is practical information on:
  • Bioenergy
  • Geothermal
  • Hydrogen
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Other
Web Resources The Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy (EREN) Database
Contact / Resource http://www.eere.energy.gov/
Description Technical information in the following areas:
  • Hydrogen
  • Biomass Fuels
  • Synthetic Fuels
  • Hydro Energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Tidal and Wave Power
  • Wind Energy
  • Power Transmission and Distribution
  • Energy Storage
  • Direct Energy Conversion
  • Energy Conservation, Consumption, and Utilization
  • Advanced Propulsion Systems
Web Resource The Geothermal Education Office (GEO)
Contact / Resource http://geothermal.marin.org/
Description General information on geothermal energy: what it is and how it is used; Information on geothermal projects throughout the world.
Web Resource The American Solar Energy Society (ASES)
Contact / Resource http://www.ases.org/
Description ASES is an American organization dedicated "to advancing the use of solar energy." In this regard, this site provides information about:
  • Short and long-term use of solar energy
  • The National Solar Energy Conference
  • SOLAR TODAY magazine
  • Advances in Solar Energy
  • Publishes various white papers on solar energy
  • Sponsors issue Roundtables in Washington, DC
  • Distributes solar publications
  • Organizes a Solar Action Network.
Web Resource Million Solar Roofs Program
US Department of Energy
Contact / Resource
Description Although this is an American program, it contains practical information about solar energy and case studies:
  • photovoltaics
  • solar hot water
  • solar space heating.
Web Resource Utility Photovoltaic Group (UPVG)
Contact / Resource http://www.ttcorp.com/
Description
  • The UPVG is an association of more than 90 energy service providers from across the U.S., Canada, Europe, the Caribbean, and Australia.
  • The UPVG's goal is to increase the commercial use of solar electricity.
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3.3 Clean Energy Transport (E3)

When I see an adult on a bicycle, I have faith in the future of the human race.

--H.G.Wells, 1866 - 1946
Web Resource Vancouver Greenways Program
Contact / Resource http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/engsvcs/streets/greenways/
Description This site gives information on greenways that is particularly applicable to Vancouver. However, some of the basic information is applicable to areas outside of the Vancouver region:
  • Vancouver Greenways Plan Summary
  • City Greenways / Greenways Map
  • Neighbourhood Greenways
Web Resource Bicycle Routes in the Lower Mainland
Contact / Resource http://www.translink.bc.ca/Maps/cycling_map_guide.asp
Description
  • A map of Bicycle Routes in the Lower Mainland is administered by TransLink.
Web Resource Cycling in Vancouver Map
Contact / Resource http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/engsvcs/transport/cycling/routes.htm
Description
  • The City of Vancouver has produced a detailed map showing the bicycle routes in the city.
  • Copies are always available at Vancouver City Hall, by calling the Bicycle Hotline at (604) 871-6070 or by e-mail at cycling@city.vancouver.bc.ca
  • Maps are often available at Vancouver libraries, community centres and some bicycle stores.
  • For other areas in BC, consult local authorities.
Web Resources Green Lane
Environment Canada
Contact / Resource http://www.ec.gc.ca/
Pollution Prevention: Success Stories:
http://www.ec.gc.ca/pp/
Description This site has a number of Pollution Prevention success stories, including the following:
  • Bicycle Racks - Energy Conservation at 17 Wing Winnipeg
  • Building Materials Re-Use/Recycling
Web Resource Bicycle Federation of America
National Center for Bicycling and Walking
Contact / Resource http://www.bikewalk.org
Description This site has comprehensive coverage of a host of policy, planning and design guidelines supporting bicycle and pedestrian access.
Article Stacking the Decks
Harriman, Marc S. (1991)
Contact / Resource Architecture. Vol. 80 No. 12.
Description
  • Short article describing alternative approaches of integrating parking garages in the city's edge and downtown.
  • Three case-studies are discussed: Seaport Village, San Diego,CA, and Northpark Town Center and Riverwood, both in Atlanta, GA.
Web Resource Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and High-Efficiency Vehicles
California Energy Commission.
Contact / Resource http://www.energy.ca.gov/afvs/index.html
Description Reports, Papers, Speeches and links on AFVs. Although it is clearly not intended for BC, it has information that might be relevant for BC.
Publication Pedestrian Walkway and Bikeway Lighting Design
IESNA, RP-8 Roadway Lighting, Chapter 4, 1980.
Contact / Resource Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, New York, NY
Description Professional standard providing the basis for the design of fixed lighting for roadways, bikeways and pedestrian paths.
Book How Alternative Forms of Development Can Reduce Traffic Congestion
Sustainable Cities; Concepts and Strategies for Eco-City Development; Woodhull, Joel, (1992), Ed. Bob Walter et al.
Contact / Resource Eco-Home Media, Los Angeles, 168-177.
Description Offers alternative approaches to traffic planning concentrating on "access" rather than mobility. Covers densification, parking, development patterns and offers solutions for pedestrian friendly, transit-oriented traditional neighborhoods.
Web Resource CarFree Cities
Contact / Resource http://www.carfree.com/
Description Information about, and pictures and examples of car free buildings and cities.
Web Resource Flexcar
Contact / Resource http://www.flexcar.com/
Description Commercial site with general information about carsharing.
Web Resource European Partners for the Environment (EPE)
Contact / Resource http://www.epe.be/
Description "EPE Sourcebook 1995-1996." 3.18 Car-sharing and Charterway.
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3.4 Energy Case Studies

3.4.1 Energy Use Case Studies

Ceiling insulation and double glazed windows can produce more oil than the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge at its most optimistic projections, at about one-twentieth the cost.

--Paul Hawken, The Ecology of Commerce, 1993
Green Buildings BC Resource British Columbia Green Building Case Study Series
Contact / Resource http://www.greenbuildingsbc.com/Home/NewBuildings/WhatisaGreenBuilding/BCCaseStudies.aspx
Description The following buildings employ innovative energy reduction strategies:
  • Materials Testing Facility
  • Revenue Canada Building
  • Telus Office Building
  • Crestwood Corporate Centre Building 2
  • Burnaby Mountain Secondary School
  • The Liu Centre
  • Richmond City Hall
  • Beausoleil Solar Aquatics
  • Lewis Center for Environmental Studies
  • CK Choi Building
  • 2211 West 4th Avenue
Web Resource and Publication Commercial Buildings Incentive Program (CBIP) Case Studies
Natural Resources Canada
Contact / Resource http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/commercial/financial-assistance/new-buildings/index.cfm
Description
  • The CBIP website provides case studies of various building types (institutional buildings, school, office buildings, and residential buildings) that incorporate energy efficiency measures and are CBIP compliant.
  • These case studies provide energy performance information as well as detailed information on building envelope, mechanical systems and lighting.
  • Additional case studies (for buildings not included on the web) are available in paper copy from Natural Resources Canada directly.
Web Resource Building Innovation Case Studies
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Highrise and Multiples Innovation Group
Contact / Resource http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/
Description Although CMHC focuses on residential buildings, many of the lessons are transferable to other building types. This site has the following case studies:
  • Retrofit: Jack Satter House, U.S.A.
  • Acoustics: Le Clos St-André, Montréal, Québec
  • Earthquake Resistance: McGill Street, Montréal, Québec
Energy Efficiency:
  • Gårdsten Estate, Guteborg, Sweden
  • 2211 West 4th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia
  • Le Clos St-André, Montréal, Québec
  • Solar Collector Lowers Highrise Heating Costs, Windsor, Ontario
  • Tatry-Pathway Housing Non-profit Co-operative, Mississauga, Ontario
Green Building:
  • Rosegarden Mews:, Toronto, Ontario
  • Ekoporten, Sweden
  • Focus - Apartment Building, Uster, Switzerland
  • Le Clos St-André, Montréal, Québec
  • Conservation Co-Op, Ottawa, Ontario
  • Tatry-Pathway Housing Non-profit Co-operative, Mississauga, Ontario
  • Wallis House, Ottawa, Ontario
Web Resource Natural Ventilation Case Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Contact / Resource http://mit.edu/
Description This site contains some basic information on natural ventilation, as well as case study information on several buildings from each of the following countries:
  • Denmark
  • Germany
  • Belgium
  • Holland
  • United Kingdom
In addition, there is case study information on three US buildings:
  • New England Wild Flower Society
  • Broadmoor Wildlife Sanctuary Nature Center
  • Philip Merrill Environmental Center
Web Resource Environmental Building, UK
BRE
Contact / Resource http://projects.bre.co.uk/envbuild/index.html
Description This is a demonstration building for the Energy Efficient Office of the Future (EoF). A central principal is the need to reduce energy consumption and CO"2 emissions by 30% from current best practice." Environmental features include:
  • no use of air conditioning
  • extensive daylighting
  • using 'thermal mass' to moderate temperature
In addition, the site has information on:
  • Passive ventilation/cooling
  • Solar control & Daylighting
  • Lighting
  • Photovoltaics
Web Resource Southern California Gas Energy Resource Center
Contact / Resource http://www.socalgas.com/
Description
  • The Energy Resource Center at the Southern California Gas Company has won awards for being energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
  • A virtual tour will show you the extensive energy efficient, recycled and salvaged materials features in the building.
  • The building is 45% more energy efficient than California Energy Commission Title 24 standards for new buildings
Web Resources Seattle City Light Case Studies
Amsterdam, ING Bank
Contact / Resource http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability/ http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability/studies/cv5_sc.htm
Description The energy efficiency features of this building include:
  • Cogeneration
  • Heat recovery from elevator motors and computer rooms
  • Mechanical and natural ventilation (windows)
  • Back-up absorption cooling from co-generation system's hot water
  • Elimination of conventional compression chillers. The building relies on thermal storage
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3.4.2 Energy Source Case Studies

In 1997, British Petroleum announced that it was putting $1 billion into solar and other renewable energy resources.

--Lester Brown and Christopher Flavin, State of the World, 1999
Web Resource Renewable Energy Deployment Initiative (REDI) Case Studies
Natural Resources Canada, Renewable and Electrical Energy Division (REED)
Contact / Resource http://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/es/erb/erb/english/View.asp?x=68
Description The REDI program provides case studies in the following areas:
1. Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
  • Federally Sentenced Women's Facility
  • Father Michael McGivney Secondary School
  • Geothermal Ice Plant, Oliver Curling Club (B.C.)
  • Miami, Manitoba Hockey Arena / Community Hall
2. Solar Air Heating Systems
  • World's largest solar wall at Canadair facility
Web Resource Canadian REN Case Studies
The Canadian Renewable Energy Network
Contact / Resource http://www.canren.gc.ca/
Description This site has case studies from throughout Canada in the following areas:
  • Bioenergy
  • Earth Energy
  • Wind Energy
  • Hydroelectric Energy
  • Solar Energy
Web Resources Commonwealth of Pennsylvania DEP Cambria Office
Contact / Resource http://www.gggc.state.pa.us/gggc/site/default.asp
Description This case study has the following features:
  • Ground source heat pumps
  • A 14 kilowatt photovoltaic (PV) array
  • Natural daylighting
Web Resource Geoexchange: Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium
Contact / Resource

http://www.geoexchange.org/
http://www.geoexchangebc.ca/case_success.aspx

Description This site gives extensive information and case studies on GeoExchange [geothermal, ground source heating and cooling systems]. They claim that geoexchange is the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning system available, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. There are many case studies under the following categories:
  • Residential Case Studies
  • Agricultural Case Studies
  • Commercial Case Studies
  • Federal Case Studies
  • Institutional Case Studies
  • Scholastic Case Studies
  • R&D Profiles
Web Resource City-RES network
Network of urban renewable energy projects across Europe
Contact / Resource http://www.agores.org/Publications/CityRES/CityRESlist.htm
Description This site contains downloadable pdf reports that describe European renewable energy projects. These reports are focused at the city level, but they often have details of individual buildings in the following countries:
  • Denmark
  • Netherlands
  • United Kingdom
  • France
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Ireland
  • Finland
  • Austria
Web Resource Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development (BedZED) Case Study
Contact / Resource http://www.bioregional.com/
http://www.bedzed.org.uk/
Description Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development (BedZED) is a development of 78 homes, 1500m2 of office space and a shop, café, healthy living centre and childcare facility. The BedZED design concept is driven by the desire for a net 'zero (fossil) energy development.' All energy will come from renewables, not fossil fuels. It is based around the following concepts:
  • Turning brownfield green
  • Energy efficient design
  • Sustainable materials
  • Renewable energy
  • Conserving water
  • Planned transport
  • Affordability
Web Resources / Solar Case Studies BCIT Photovoltaic
Contact / Resource Update: A Newsletter For the BCIT Community (Volume 6, Issue 9 - December 15, 1998)
http://www.bcit.ca/appliedresearch/pv/projects/array.shtml

Being smarter with power, water and sun (Volume 7, Issue 2 - September 28, 1999)
http://www.bcit.ca/news/releases/newsrelease011205876.shtml
Description
  • The first article, "Electrifying news: Canada' first AC solar power goes live at BCIT" gives the details of the partnership between BCIT and BC Hydro that resulted in Canada's first ever alternating-current building-integrated solar array being connected to the provincial power system on Nov. 24, 1998.
  • This is an experimental project that is part of research being cnonducted at BCIT's new Photovoltaic Energy Applied Research Lab (PEARL).
  • PEARL is researching ways to integrate solar panels into buildings.
  • This first project is a strip of 10 solar panels lines--enough to power at least 10 personal computers on a sunny day.
  • The second article, "Being smarter with power, water and sun" a wide range of ongoing initiatives within BCIT including:
    • energy efficiency measures that are returning money to the school;
    • measures to reduce greenhouse gases;
    • measures to reduce water consumption;
    • and PEARLs new initiative to integrate a PV system into the Tech Centre's external wall and hooking it up to BC Hydro's grid.
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3.4.3 Clean Energy Transport Case Studies

"The technology we need for 50 per cent cuts [in greenhouse gas emissions] is available now," said Mr. Torrie. "Things like retrofitting buildings, using alternative forms of energy, improving public transportation, fuel-efficient cars.

--News Release: "New research: 50 per cent cuts in greenhouse pollution possible," David Suzuki Foundation, 2000
Web Resource Austin Green Building Program Case Studies
Contact / Resource http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/greenbuilder/coolprojects.htm
Description Many of the case studies presented here offers some insight into how the design and siting of a building can influence occupant's ability to choose cleaner energy transport:
  • Gables Central Park Apartments: Austin's First Green Building Apartment Community
  • Casa Verde Builders: Energy- and Resource-Efficient, Affordable Homes
  • METROPOLIS Apartments: Austin's First Green Building Apartment Renovation
Web Resource Conservation Coop
Contact / Resource http://www.advancedbuildings.org/
Description This site has case studies of Canadian buildings, including the Conservation Coop, which uses innovative ways of encouraging alternative forms of transportation. Although it is a residential building, the lessons are transferable to commercial, institutional, and other building types.
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