Construction Practices

8.0 Ecological Performance Resources: Construction Practices

Picture reprinted with permission of Dominion Construction

Use of the GVRDs Project Waste Management Master Specification at Richmond City Hall resulted in the recycling of 2,840 cu. yds. of material, or 75% of the waste generated on site during construction. This resulted in disposal cost savings of 38%, or $14,280. Factoring in the cost of the program, net savings were $7,820.

Waste generated from construction and demolition accounts for about 28 percent of landfill volume.

--United States Green Building Council / United States Department of Energy / United States Environmental Protection Agency (USGBC / USDOE / USEPA), Sustainable Building Technical Manual, 1996

About 1,250 metric tonnes (2.5 million pounds) of garbage passes through the City of Vancouver Kent Street Transfer Station every day. Paper makes up a third of that waste and yard waste makes up about another third. Gene Shufelt, foreman, says "Call me a crusader or whatever, what I see thrown away unjustly is pathetic to me. It's my tax dollars that are paying for that burial. I've been in this business now for almost nineteen years and we live in such a wasteful society it makes me sick." But we are improving. Residential, commercial and industrial waste have been cut by over 33% since 1990. But there's still a way to go for us to meet the target of 50% reduction before 2000.

--The Vancouver Courier, April 22, 1998
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8.1 Construction Waste (C1)

Dominion supports job site recycling, particularly on projects like this because large volumes of waste were generated. It was a great success, and we will certainly do it again on similar projects.

--Tim Creelman, site superintendent on the Richmond City Hall construction, Dominion Construction, 2000

Regional Justice Center Demolition Recycles 95%, Saves $265,000.

--King County Solid Waste Division, 1997
Web Resource Construction & Demolition Recycling
Greater Vancouver Regional District
Contact / Resource http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/recycling-and-garbage/business-services.htm
Thomas Mueller: ph.: (604) 436-6818, fax: (604) 436-6811 or e-mail: thomas.mueller@gvrd.bc.ca
Description These resources are useful even outside the GVRD; The GVRD's Construction/Demolition Recycling Program makes the following information available:
  • Project Waste Management Master Specification
  • Demolition & Salvage Guide
  • Case Study Factsheets
  • Recycling Directories (Local Recycling Depots, Hauling Services, Salvage Contractors, Demolition Contractors)
  • Project Deconstruction Master Specification
Web Resource Metro Portland Construction Industry Recycling Toolkit
Contact / Resource http://www.metro-region.org/article.cfm?ArticleID=727
Description
  • Guidelines and tips for construction and demolition waste recycling.
  • Mostly oriented to Metro Portland, but much information is useful anywhere.
Web Resource and Publications Solid Resources Citywide Recycling Division (LA SRCRD)
City of Los Angeles
Contact / Resource http://www.ci.la.ca.us/SAN/srcrd/
(213) 847-1444, email SRCRD@san.ci.la.ca.us
Description
  • The LA SRCRD produces a number of excellent publications on waste management, available for free.
  • The following are particularly useful for salvaged material specification in construction and demolition:
  • City of Los Angeles Solid Resources Management Specification 1998: A recommended recycling specification for contractors doing demolition, site clearing and construction.
  • Wood You Recycle? 1998: A guide to Wood Re-Use and Recycling in the Los Angeles Area, but much information is applicable anywhere.
Web Resource Construction and Demolition Waste Programs - WasteSpec: Model Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling
Triangle J Council of Governments. 1995
Contact / Resource http://www.tjcog.dst.nc.us/
PO Box 12276, Research Triangle Park, Gainsborough, NC 27709 (919) 549-0551
Description A free model specification for construction waste reduction.
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8.2 Reuse Topsoil (C2)

Soil is currently undervalued as a resource; through both depletion and pollution it is being exploited beyond its capacity for renewal. And yet, healthy productive soils are crucial to the health of the ecosystem. While it takes up to 1000 years to build up several inches of soil, it can build itself up more quickly as its productivity is increased. For example, returning organic waste and landscape debris to the soil can be used to regenerate it more quickly.

--The Sheltair Group, Visions, Tools and Targets, 1998
Web Resource CMHC Waste Management Action Plan
The City of Burnaby
Contact / Resource http://www.city.burnaby.bc.ca/cityhall.html
Description
  • The City of Burnaby has information to assist builders including this Waste Management Action Plan developed by CMHC.
  • Although its focus is residential building, any of the lessons are transferable.
Web Resource (See GVRD's Construction / Demolition Recycling Program, above.)
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8.3 Vegetation and Watercourse Protection (C3)

The roots of trees can hold soils in place better than concrete; unlike concrete, roots do the soil no damage, and they require much less embodied energy. And some kinds of plant, along with their associated microorganisms, can very effectively draw nutrients and even some toxins and heavy metals out of sewage or runoff water. By working with nature in these ways, designing a regenerative water-flow system becomes a matter of providing optimum conditions under which nature can function.

--John Tillman Lyle, Regenerative Design For Sustainable Development, 1994
Web Resource Landscape and Grounds Management Guidelines
City of Seattle Office of Environmental Management
Contact / Resource http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/environment/documents/landscape.pdf [PDF File]
Description These guidelines are intended to cover environmental issues of landscape and grounds management, including:
  • Design Stage
  • Drainage
  • Plant Selection
  • Plant Health
  • Mulch
  • Lawn Maintenance
  • Automatic Irrigation Systems
  • Integrated Pest Management
  • Record Keeping
  • Training
Book Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning
Dramstad, W. E., Olson, J.D., and Forman, R.T., (1996)
Contact / Resource Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge.
Description
  • Presents and explains the principles of landscape ecology.
  • Provides numerous examples of how those principles can be applied in specific situations.
Publication Start at the Source: Residential Site Planning and Design Guidelines: Manual for Stormwater Quality Protection
Richman, Tom, et al. (1997)
Contact / Resource Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies (San Francisco).
Description
  • An excellent guide to the basics of stormwater infiltration & quality management approaches.
  • Applicable to all building sites, not just residential.
Web Resource Erosion and Sediment Control Field Manual, and Manual of Standards for Erosion and Sediment Control Measures
Friends of the San Francisco Estuary, San Francisco Estuary Project, (May 1995)
Contact / Resource http://www.abag.ca.gov/abag/overview/pub/erosion.html
Description
  • Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook: textbook provides all of the information needed to select and design erosion control measures for construction sites.
  • Manual of Standards: Covers control measures for urban or developing areas, with emphasis on control of construction erosion. Includes legal guidelines and technical standards, with sample specifications for controlling water quality impacts.
  • Both available from Friends of the San Francisco Estuary website.
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8.4 Construction Practices Case Studies

8.4.1 Construction Waste Case Studies

Green Buildings BC Case Studies Materials Testing Facility
Contact / Resource http://www.greenbuildingsbc.com/Home/NewBuildings/WhatisaGreenBuilding/BCCaseStudies.aspx
Description The following buildings employ innovative indoor air pollutant reduction stategies:
  • The Liu Centre
  • CK Choi Building
Web Resources Construction/Demolition Recycling Case Studies
Greater Vancouver Regional District
Contact / Resource http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/recycling-and-garbage/business-services.htm


Thomas Mueller: ph.: (604) 436-6818, fax: (604) 436-6811 or e-mail: thomas.mueller@gvrd.bc.ca
Description These resources are useful even outside the GVRD. The GVRD's Construction/Demolition Recycling Program makes the following case studies available:
  • Turnberry town-home: Saved $1,328
  • "Quayside Village" co-housing: Saved $245
  • "Boulevard Green" town-home: Recycling Cuts Garbage Costs by 10%
  • West 3rd Street: 1,110 cu. yds. Recycled at Redevelopment Site
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